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Table of Contents
April-June 2018
Volume 8 | Issue 2
Page Nos. 33-65
Online since Thursday, April 26, 2018
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EDITORIAL
Environmental Chemicals and Parkinson’s Disease
p. 33
Shaaban Abdelfattah, Mohamed Salama, Rania Hamed Abdel-Rahman, Laila El-Zalabany, Mona El-Harouny
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_83_17
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Attenuation of Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity by Tannoid Principles of
Emblica officinalis
in Wistar Rats
p. 35
Mathiyazahan Dhivya Bharathi, Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_23_18
Introduction:
In our earlier studies, we reported the neuroprotective effect of tannoid principles of
Emblica officinalis
(EoT) against aluminum chloride (AlCl
3
)-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus and cortex of rats. The present study is focused on the efficacy of EoT in the mitigation of AlCl
3
-induced toxicity in the cerebellum.
Materials and Methods:
Rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated with AlCl
3
(100 mg/kg, b.w. i.p.), EoT (100 mg/kg, b.w. oral), and simultaneously with AlCl
3
and EoT daily for 60 days.
Results:
AlCl
3
treatment altered the body weight, brain and cerebellum weight, Al levels, acetylcholinesterase activity, and the expression of apoptotic markers. Treatment with EoT attenuated these physiological, biochemical, and molecular indices.
Conclusion:
The results of the present study strengthen the fact that the nutritional supplement of EoT in AlCl
3
-treated rats might improve the adverse effects by its pharmacological properties.
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Morin Inhibiting Photocarcinogenesis by Targeting Ultraviolet-B-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Swiss Albino Mice
p. 41
Anjugam Chandrakesan, Sridevi Muruhan, Rajeswari Ranga Anantha Sayanam
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_5_18
Aim:
To evaluate the effect of morin in ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines expression in the skin of Swiss albino mice.
Materials and Methods:
Swiss albino mice were divided into six treatment groups, and each group consisted of eight mice based on their exposure to UV-B radiation (180 mJ/cm
2
) and their respective treatment with morin (15 mg/kg). Morin was administered both intraperitoneally and topically thrice in a week for 30 weeks before UV-B exposure. After the treatment period, the mice were sacrificed, and the effect of morin on UV-B radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels was estimated on skin tissues spectrophotometrically. Western blot analysis was used to estimate the inflammatory cytokines.
Results:
This study revealed that the intraperitoneal and topical administration of morin significantly lowered the incidence of UV-B-induced tumor size in the skin of Swiss albino mice. Further, morin significantly reduced (
P
< 0.05) lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant levels in Swiss albino mice. It was also observed that morin reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6.
Conclusion:
Morin has a stimulative effect on endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. It can prevent the photo damage of macromolecules such as lipids and the oxidation of proteins, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Oxidative Stress Status and Neuroprotection of Tocotrienols in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Neurodegeneration Rat Animal Model
p. 47
Wael M.Y Mohamed, Sayyada Sayeed, Anil K Saxena, Pakeer Oothuman
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_17_18
Background:
Reduced cerebral blood flow is associated with aging, neurodegenerative disorders, and an increased formation of reactive oxygen species. This study was designed to assess the potential use of vitamin E as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent using 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) rat animal model.
Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200–250 g were equally divided into the following three groups: SHAM control, 2VO, and 2VO+E (treated daily with vitamin E tocotrienol, 100 mg/kg, orally following 2VO). On the 8
th
week after 2VO surgery, rats were euthanized and the hippocampi were isolated with the estimation of viable neuronal cell count in the hippocampal CA-1 region. The isoprostane F
2
(Iso-F2) levels were also measured in the brain homogenates to quantify the oxidative stress levels.
Results:
There was significantly higher neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA-1 region and increased Iso-F2 levels in the 2VO group compared to the SHAM control group (
P
< 0.05). Conversely, no significant difference was observed with regard to the neuronal cell death and Iso-F2 levels in the 2VO+E group and the SHAM control group (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of vitamin E tocotrienol as a neuroprotective and antioxidant agent in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration in rats.
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Isolongifolene Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Impairment in Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
p. 53
Rengasamy Balakrishnan, Kuppusamy Tamilselvam, Ahmedsha Sulthana, Thangavel Mohankumar, Dharmar Manimaran, Namasivayam Elangovan
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_3_18
Introduction:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive age-related disease, in which dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway are destroyed, resulting in movement and behavioral impairment. Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species play a key role in the progression and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Rotenone is a common pesticide that induces PD through the generation of oxidative stress. Isolongifolene (ILF), a tricyclic sesqueterpene of
Murraya koenigii
, has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of ILF against oxidative stress and movement impairment on rotenone-induced rat model of PD.
Materials and Methods:
Biochemical measures, including the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation products [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and behavioral analysis (hang and catalepsy test) were performed.
Results:
The muscle strength and cataleptic score of the ILF co-treated groups were significantly improved. Treatment with ILF prevented the increases in the levels of TBARS, significantly improved the SOD, catalase, GPx activities, and GSH levels.
Conclusion:
These findings suggested that ILF has neuroprotective properties through its potent antioxidant activities.
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Neuroprotective Effect of
Agaricus Blazei
Extract Against Rotenone-Induced Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in Experimental Model of Parkinson’s Disease
p. 59
Veerappan Venkateshgobi, Srinavasagam Rajasankar, William Moses Swaminathan Johnson, Kaliyaperumal Prabu, Muthu Ramkumar
DOI
:10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_20_18
Introduction:
In our earlier studies, we reported that rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain of mice have been protected through treatment with
Agaricus blazei
(
A. blazei
) extract. The present study is focused on the efficacy of
A. blazei
in the mitigation of motor and nonmotor symptoms induced by rotenone.
Materials and Methods:
Mice were randomly divided into four groups and treated with rotenone and simultaneously with
A. blazei
.
Results:
Rotenone treatment altered both the motor and nonmotor behavioral deficits as compared to controls. Concurrent treatment with rotenone and
A. blazei
significantly restored these behavioral deficits.
Conclusion:
The results of the present study strengthen the fact that the nutritional supplement of
A. blazei
extract in rotenone-affected areas might offer the neuroprotection.
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